CONDITIONALS: 04 Types of Conditional Sentences in English Grammar

Conditionals are sentences with two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause, that are closely related. Generally, conditional sentences are often divided into different types. https://7esl.com/english-conditionals/

Types of Conditionals in English:
1. Zero Conditional
(Present Real Conditional)

In general, "zero conditional" refers to conditional sentences that express a factual implication, rather than describing a hypothetical situation or potential future circumstance. The term is used particularly when both clauses are in the present tense, however such sentences can be formulated with a variety of tenses/moods, as appropriate to the situation.

2. First Conditional
(Present or Future Real Conditional)

"First conditional" refers to a pattern used in predictive conditional sentences, i.e. those that concern consequences of a probable future event. In the basic first conditional pattern, the condition is expressed using the present tense. In some common fixed expressions or in old-fashioned or excessively formal, the present subjunctive is occasionally found. The consequence using the future construction with “will” (or “shall”).

3. Second Conditional
(Present Unreal Conditional)

It should be noted that the "second conditional" refers to a pattern used to describe hypothetical, typically counterfactual situations with a present or future time frame (for past time frames the third conditional is used). And, in the normal form of the second conditional, the condition clause is in the past tense (although it does not have past meaning. The consequence is expressed using the conditional construction with the auxiliary “would”.

4. Third Conditional
(Past Unreal Conditional)

Generally, "third conditional" is a pattern used to refer to hypothetical situations in a past time frame, generally counterfactual (or at least presented as counterfactual). Here the condition clause is in the past perfect, and the consequence is expressed using the conditional perfect.

How to use: We use the third conditional when we talk about Imagine situations in the past.

5. Mixed Conditionals
It should be noted that "mixed conditional" usually refers to a mixture of the second and third conditionals (the counterfactual patterns). Here either the condition or the consequence, but not both, has a past time reference.
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