What We Can Learn from 5 Times Rivers Ran Backward

Usually, you can count on a river to flow in one direction, but some things can make it reverse course. Aside from being weird and surprising, these river reversals can often reflect geological changes and have long-lasting impacts on the surrounding ecosystems.

Hosted by: Hank Green

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Sources:
Amazon
https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/area.12069
​​https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X14004075
https://www.science.org/content/article/why-amazon-flows-backward

Mississippi
​​https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/science/summary-1811-1812-new-madrid-earthquakes-sequence
https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/new_madrid_earthquake_a_river_runs_backward
https://www.nps.gov/locations/lowermsdeltaregion/concept-iii-new-madrid-earthquakes-seismic-zone-tour-route.htm

Slims
https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2932
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90116/river-piracy-in-the-yukon

Kaituna
https://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/164/4/785.short
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288306.1970.10431351
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288300709509815
https://www.otago.ac.nz/geology/research/environmental-geology/geomorphology/river-capture.html#4

Qiantang
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278434319300718
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2014JC010267
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245297526_Case_Study_Numerical_Modeling_of_the_Tidal_Bore_on_the_Qiantang_River_China

Images:
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/lena_delta.html
https://www.flickr.com/photos/astro_alex/33658242888
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_Amazonas_-_Parintins.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amazonrivermap.svg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciat/5641586406/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/globalwaterforum/7845804258
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Madrid_Missouri.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Madrid_Seismic_Zone_activity_1974-2011.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Madrid_Erdbeben.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mississippiriver-new-01.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Madrid,_Missouri_(NYPL_Hades-119377-54141).tif
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kentucky_Bend_map.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reelfoot_Lake.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_showing_the_system_of_Confederate_fortifications_on_the_Mississippi_River_at_Island_no._10_and_New_Madrid,_also_the_operations_of_the_United_States_forces_under_General_John_Pope_against_these_LOC_99447227.tif
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaska_junction.png
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90116/river-piracy-in-the-yukon
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stream_capture.png
https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/landsat-8-image-kaskawulsh-glacier-canadas-yukon-territory
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dust_storm_at_the_Slims_River_inflow_to_Kluane_Lake.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/uwnews/33165240843
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_Waves_in_Marlborough_Sounds.jpeg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MarlboroughFaultSystem.png
https://www.flickr.com/photos/flissphil/5214648333/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxias_divergens.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9B%90%E5%AE%98%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%BF%E6%BD%AE5.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tidalbore_Mascaret_Hangzhou_china.ogv
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-the-study-area-in-Hangzhou-Bay-China-showing-the-shorelines-of-the-East-China_fig1_341383608
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tidal_bore_at_the_Qiantang_river,_Hangzhou.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/48125931@N00/3756088300
https://www.flickr.com/photos/48125931@N00/3756086752
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20201003%E9%92%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%BD%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%89%E5%A0%A1.jpg