The Surprising Story Of The Man Who Was President For One Day

In 1848, as President James K. Polk's first term was coming to a close, he announced that he had no intention of running for a second term, despite still having the support of the Democratic Party. In fact, he couldn't leave the White House fast enough. According to The White House HIstorical Association, Polk wrote in his diary that he felt "exceedingly relieved" to rid himself of the duties associated with being president. So he had every intention of ending his term at noon on March 4, 1849, Inauguration Day, and not a moment later. On that morning, Polk signed the last piece of legislation on his desk at the White House, and at 6:30 a.m. recorded in his diary,

"Thus closed my official term as President."

There was just one problem: the new President hadn't taken over yet - which is how we ended up with the surprising story of the man who was President for one day.

Of course, in movies and TV shows, there have been lots of unlikely presidents.

But in this case, truth is stranger than fiction.

You see, in 1849, Inauguration Day fell on a Sunday, and incoming president Zachary Taylor was a deeply religious man who refused to be sworn in on Sunday. Instead, Taylor and his vice president, Millard Fillmore, decided they would take the oath 24 hours later, at noon on Monday, March 5.

But Polk's urgency to vacate the premises and Taylor's pious ways presented a new question: Who would serve as president in that 24 hour gap? The answer lies in a two-term senator from Missouri by the name of David Rice Atchison.

Throughout his Senate career, Atchison was popular among his colleagues, and they elected him 13 times to serve in the role of president pro tempore, the second-highest ranking official in the Senate. It's a position that is accounted for in Article One, Section Three of the Constitution, which provides that the vice president of the United States is the president of the Senate, and mandates that the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in the vice president's absence. It was a stipulation that mattered greatly in the early days of the republic, when the vice president regularly presided over Senate sessions.

On March 2, 1849, outgoing Vice President George M. Dallas took leave from the Senate for the remainder of the session, and the Senate once again elected Atchison as president pro tempore. That designation allowed Atchison to make the case that he was president for a day just two days later in order to avoid an interregnum - a period where there is no acting government at all.

Atchison told the Plattsburg Lever,

"It was plain that there was either an interregnum or I was the President of the United States being chairman of the Senate. [...] A great many such questions are liable to arise under our form of government."

He added, however, that he, quote, "made no pretense to the office."

That might not have been strictly true, however. By some press accounts, Atchison took the role so seriously that according to Senate history, he

" [...] sent to the White House for the seal of the great office and signed one or two official papers as President."

Some of Atchison's Democratic colleagues reportedly even made the playful suggestion that he could call upon the army to prevent Taylor, a Whig Party member, from taking office the next day.

Some scholars argue that Atchison wasn't really president and the nation was actually without one for 24 hours. Either way, for the most part, Atchison didn't take his one-day presidency on a technicality all that seriously. He noted that he was never sworn in as president and later wrote,

"I never for a moment acted as President of the U.S."

He did, however, like to joke that his time in office provided the nation with, quote, "the honestest administration this country ever had."

Atchison's life became emphatically less humorous as he left the Senate in 1855 and took up arms to defend slavery. Atchison led the Missouri "Border Ruffians" on raids into the Kansas Territory, and he fought for the Confederacy at the outset of the Civil War.

On January 26, 1886, at the age of 78, Atchison died at his Missouri home. He got one last word in on the matter by having "President of the United States for One Day" etched into his grave marker.

#President #CivilWar #History

Read Full Article: https://www.grunge.com/315878/the-surprising-story-of-the-man-who-was-president-for-one-day/