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Kids, Germs and Day Care; A Meningitis Vaccine for Africa

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I'm Alex Villarreal with the VOA Special English Health Report, from http://voaspecialenglish.com | http://facebook.com/voalearningenglishWhen parents go to work, their young children often spend the day in child care. That contact with other children can make it easier to get sick. But new research suggests that this might have a protective effect a few years later when children start school. A research team looked at data from a large study. That study followed the health of a group of Canadian children for almost their first ten years of life. Sylvana Cote at the University of Montreal led the research team. She says some of the children were more likely to get sick from the kinds of infections commonly passed around at a day care center. But she says these children were also more likely to avoid infections when they entered elementary school a few years later. Sylvana Cote says her study was not really designed to explain why children who started day care early with many other children had fewer infections later. Butshe says there is a non-medical reason why getting sick early might be better: it reduces the risk of having to stay home from school.She says missing school when children are starting to learn to read or write may cause more problems than missing day care days.The research appears in the Archivesof Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, a journal of the American Medical Association. Some diseases can be prevented by vaccines. In December, the World Health Organization launched the first vaccine ever developed for Africa.The vaccine is designed to provide ten years of low-cost protection against meningococcal A. This bacterial form of meningitis can cause brain damage and death. Major epidemics strike Africa every seven to fourteen years. Children and young adults are the hardest hit. In two thousand nine, an outbreak across sub-Saharan Africa killed more than five thousand people. The WHO says as many as four hundred fifty million people across Africa are at risk from meningitis. The new vaccine is called MenAfriVac. It can be given to children as young as one, which is earlier than vaccines currently used to fight meningitis epidemics in Africa. Health workers launched the new vaccine in Burkina Faso in West Africa. There are twenty-five countries along Africa's so-called meningitis belt from Senegal to Ethiopia. The hope is that people in all twenty-five countries will be protected against the disease by twenty-fifteen. For VOA Special English, I'm Alex Villarreal.

(Adapted from a radio program broadcast 15Dec2011)
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