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How Astronauts Get Home from Space

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How does an astronaut gets back to earth from space? Felix Baumgartner made it seem like all you need is to jump back to earth from outer space, but its a lot more complex than that!
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Each return trip home is determined by first knowing the best course and steps for an optimal return trajectory. Experts on the ground need to prepare beforehand by taking into account the current orbit of the station, its speed, and the current orientation of the planet. They then calculate the capsule's trajectory that will enable it to land within the target destination and re-enter the earths atmosphere without burning up or bouncing off . The next step is to orient the vehicle into its Trans-Earth Injection window. For vehicles docked onto a space station or Shuttle, like the Soyuz or Dragon capsule, proper undocking procedures are carried out first. Separation is then usually done manually by pushing the capsule into a higher orbit , creating a speed gap between the station and vehicle, so that they don't collide at the point where their orbits intersect .

And that is generally how we get astronauts home today from space. However, several of these steps may differ depending on the vehicle used and the profile of the mission. This is especially true when the configurations of such vehicles are significantly different from what would typically be considered the bread and butter capsule or module type. The most common example is the standard Space Shuttle. Orientation and de-orbit procedures aside, the Space Shuttle’s plane like form factor lets it use a combination of standard deceleration procedures and aircraft manoeuvres in order to land. Another special case is the Dragon 2 capsule. As mentioned briefly earlier, it's designed to use an active, powered landing system via boosters, completely ditching the use of parachutes during its lower atmospheric descent. Another special mention when it comes to landing spacecraft is SpaceShipOne, and its current version SpaceShipTwo.
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