One year to eighteen months might seem like a while to wait for a COVID-19 vaccine, but there's a good reason finding and approving a candidate takes a whole lot of time.
COVID-19 New and Updates: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsNB4peY6C6IQediwz2GzMTNvm_dMzr47
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Bealer, Jacob, Katie Marie Magnone, D.A. Noe, Charles Southerland, Eric Jensen, Christopher R Boucher, Alex Hackman, Matt Curls, Adam Brainard, Jeffrey McKishen, Scott Satovsky Jr, Sam Buck, Ron Kakar, Chris Peters, Kevin Carpentier, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Sam Lutfi, Charles George, Christoph Schwanke, Greg
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Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/science/immune-system/
https://milkeninstitute.org/covid-19-tracker
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/prinvac.pdf
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/mice-hamsters-ferrets-monkeys-which-lab-animals-can-help-defeat-new-coronavirus
https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528489/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470015902.a0000947.pub2
https://covid19-help.org/substance/cdx-cov
https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf?ua=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25556638
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/vaccine-types
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjuvant
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3454077/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312000263_InflammatoryNoninflammatory_Adjuvants_and_Nanotechnology-The_Secret_to_Vaccine_Design
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494348/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5079805/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12275-6
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00698-x
https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/WHO-ad-hoc-Animal-Model-Working-Group_Summary.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394584/
https://www.who.int/biologicals/publications/clinical_guidelines_ecbs_2001.pdf?ua=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944327/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-020-00073-5
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments
Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctor-fills-injection-syringe-with-vaccine-gm1205972800-347628467
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/rendering-3d-vaccine-medicine-bottle-flu-vaccine-anti-vaccination-and-covid-19-gm1210736764-350863592
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/female-scientist-pipetting-in-laboratory-gm1168042032-322362814
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/happy-professor-teaching-a-lecture-on-visual-screen-in-the-classroom-gm1130258020-298860297
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cells-gm157289671-366066
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/t-cells-gm956478348-261157331
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/vaccination-gm695611488-128719257
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/scientist-carefully-carrying-matured-cell-to-another-plate-conducting-research-gm879831370-245197680
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/yeast-infection-gm1198902110-342809065
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/vaccine-and-syringe-injection-it-use-for-prevention-immunization-and-treatment-from-gm1215061073-353763946
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/small-experimental-mouse-is-on-the-researchers-hand-gm940800024-257163311
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/syrian-hamster-gm1211196842-351159216
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/the-rhesus-macaque-monkey-gm1002057750-270805330
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-ferrets-looking-out-of-their-wooden-house-gm1045340234-279738559
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctors-home-visiting-during-the-quarantine-gm1216946088-355032280
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:14234CDC_Flumist.tif
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/new-york-streets-high-buildings-and-crowd-walking-gm1156527160-315232323
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/calendar-closeup-gm975732646-265390954
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/close-up-photo-beautiful-amazed-she-her-dark-skin-lady-arms-hands-chin-think-over-gm1132753451-300423456
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctor-preparing-the-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-gm1214508941-353388287?clarity=false
COVID-19 New and Updates: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsNB4peY6C6IQediwz2GzMTNvm_dMzr47
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
----------
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Bealer, Jacob, Katie Marie Magnone, D.A. Noe, Charles Southerland, Eric Jensen, Christopher R Boucher, Alex Hackman, Matt Curls, Adam Brainard, Jeffrey McKishen, Scott Satovsky Jr, Sam Buck, Ron Kakar, Chris Peters, Kevin Carpentier, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Sam Lutfi, Charles George, Christoph Schwanke, Greg
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
----------
Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/science/immune-system/
https://milkeninstitute.org/covid-19-tracker
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/prinvac.pdf
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/mice-hamsters-ferrets-monkeys-which-lab-animals-can-help-defeat-new-coronavirus
https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4528489/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470015902.a0000947.pub2
https://covid19-help.org/substance/cdx-cov
https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf?ua=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25556638
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/vaccine-types
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjuvant
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3454077/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312000263_InflammatoryNoninflammatory_Adjuvants_and_Nanotechnology-The_Secret_to_Vaccine_Design
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494348/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5079805/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12275-6
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00698-x
https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/WHO-ad-hoc-Animal-Model-Working-Group_Summary.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394584/
https://www.who.int/biologicals/publications/clinical_guidelines_ecbs_2001.pdf?ua=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944327/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-020-00073-5
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments
Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctor-fills-injection-syringe-with-vaccine-gm1205972800-347628467
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/rendering-3d-vaccine-medicine-bottle-flu-vaccine-anti-vaccination-and-covid-19-gm1210736764-350863592
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/female-scientist-pipetting-in-laboratory-gm1168042032-322362814
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/happy-professor-teaching-a-lecture-on-visual-screen-in-the-classroom-gm1130258020-298860297
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cells-gm157289671-366066
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/t-cells-gm956478348-261157331
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/vaccination-gm695611488-128719257
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/scientist-carefully-carrying-matured-cell-to-another-plate-conducting-research-gm879831370-245197680
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/yeast-infection-gm1198902110-342809065
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/vaccine-and-syringe-injection-it-use-for-prevention-immunization-and-treatment-from-gm1215061073-353763946
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/small-experimental-mouse-is-on-the-researchers-hand-gm940800024-257163311
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/syrian-hamster-gm1211196842-351159216
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/the-rhesus-macaque-monkey-gm1002057750-270805330
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-ferrets-looking-out-of-their-wooden-house-gm1045340234-279738559
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctors-home-visiting-during-the-quarantine-gm1216946088-355032280
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:14234CDC_Flumist.tif
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/new-york-streets-high-buildings-and-crowd-walking-gm1156527160-315232323
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/calendar-closeup-gm975732646-265390954
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/close-up-photo-beautiful-amazed-she-her-dark-skin-lady-arms-hands-chin-think-over-gm1132753451-300423456
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/doctor-preparing-the-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-gm1214508941-353388287?clarity=false
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